{"id":5160,"date":"2021-04-19T08:29:18","date_gmt":"2021-04-19T06:29:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/trcpaint.com\/?p=5160"},"modified":"2021-08-09T04:04:50","modified_gmt":"2021-08-09T02:04:50","slug":"tipos-de-cimentaciones-superficiales","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/trcpaint.com\/ca\/tipos-de-cimentaciones-superficiales\/","title":{"rendered":"Tipus de fonaments superficials"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00bfQuieres descubrir los aspectos b\u00e1sicos del mundo de la construcci\u00f3n?<\/strong> Si \u00e9s aix\u00ed, \u00e9s important que coneguis els diferents tipus de cimentacions superficials<\/strong> i per a qu\u00e8 serveixen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En primer lloc, aclarim que fonaments superficials es refereixen a les bases sobre les que s'erigeixen estructures<\/strong>, per\u00f2 que es construeixen sobre capes superficials de terra a poca profunditat. A m\u00e9s, aquesta profunditat \u00e9s menor que el seu ample.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Per aquestes caracter\u00edstiques, potser pensis que no aporten molta resist\u00e8ncia, sin embargo, s\u00f3n capa\u00e7os de suportar les c\u00e0rregues de l'estructura<\/strong> gr\u00e0cies al fet que reparteixen la for\u00e7a que aquesta li transmet mitjan\u00e7ant els seus elements de suport sobre una superf\u00edcie bastant gran.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00bfCu\u00e1les son los tipos de cimentaciones superficiales?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Per descomptat, avui dia hi ha dos  tipus de cimentacions superficials<\/strong>: les sabates i les lloses, que abasten altres classes de fonaments. Anem a con\u00e8ixer-les a continuaci\u00f3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

les sabates: a\u00efllades, combinades, corregudes i engraellats<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Las sabates<\/a> s\u00f3n una classe de fundaci\u00f3 directa que reuneix un o m\u00faltiples pilars.<\/strong> En cas que reculli un sol pilar ser\u00e0 una sabata a\u00efllada, per\u00f2 si recull m\u00e9s pilars estarem davant d'una sabata combinada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Una mostra molt comuna de sabata combinada \u00e9s la que es coneix com sabata cont\u00ednua o correguda que es caracteritza per contenir un grup de pilars alineats.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tot i que entre els tipus de cimentacions superficials <\/strong>tamb\u00e9 hi ha una classe mixta que reuneix caracter\u00edstiques de les sabates i les lloses. Aquesta \u00e9s coneguda com el engraellat de fonamentaci\u00f3 i est\u00e0 formada de sabates corregudes entrecreuades en dues direccions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

aix\u00f2 s\u00ed, les sabates solen usar-se especialment en la fonamentaci\u00f3 de cases i petits edificis<\/strong>, fins i tot en les piles de ponts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dicho esto, analitzem les caracter\u00edstiques principals de les fonamentacions sabates o directes:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"zapatas\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Fonamentaci\u00f3 sabates a\u00efllades<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Es tracta d'una de les cimentacions superficials m\u00e9s aplicades en el m\u00f3n de la construcci\u00f3,<\/strong> a l'igual que les lloses de fonamentaci\u00f3 (de qu\u00e8 parlarem m\u00e9s endavant) i, se sol emprar quan la tensi\u00f3 admissible de el terreny \u00e9s una mica elevada i els seients s\u00f3n baixos. En altres termes, quan el terreny de fundaci\u00f3 sigui competent i ferma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Amb el prop\u00f2sit de evitar possibles despla\u00e7aments laterals<\/strong>, les sabates a\u00efllades s'acoblen normalment amb vigas<\/strong><\/a> <\/strong>de lligat a lloses arriostrantes, una execuci\u00f3 que \u00e9s molt important en les estructures que s'aixequen en zones s\u00edsmiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fonamentaci\u00f3 sabates combinades <\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Hi ha diferents situacions en les que sol aplicar-se la fonamentaci\u00f3 de sabates combinades:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. Quan la capacitat portant \u00e9s lleugerament menor com per adoptar sabates a\u00efllades.<\/li>
  2. Quan per la mateixa col\u00b7locaci\u00f3 dels pilars de l'estructura resulta m\u00e9s favorable unir els fonaments de m\u00faltiples pilars pr\u00f2xims entre si o, perqu\u00e8 les c\u00e0rregues per piles s\u00f3n tan altes que obre cam\u00ed a sabates a\u00efllades molt properes o solapades.<\/li>
  3. Se sol utilitzar tamb\u00e9 per evitar la formaci\u00f3 de seients diferencials excessius en terrenys h\u00edbrids, en estructures amb discrep\u00e0ncies de c\u00e0rregues importants o en pilars que podrien formar enormes extravag\u00e0ncies.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    L'aplicaci\u00f3 d'aquests tipus de cimentacions superficials <\/strong>\u00e9s molt com\u00fa per aixecar estreps de ponts, parets o murs de c\u00e0rrega.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Fonamentaci\u00f3 engraellats i bigues de fonamentaci\u00f3<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    No s\u00f3n m\u00e9s que sabates corregudes, per\u00f2 que s'entrecreuen en malla i ortogonal. En general, la fonamentaci\u00f3 de engraellat s'empra quan el terreny t\u00e9 una alta deformabilitat i poca capacitat portant.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Tamb\u00e9 quan mostri trets d'heterogene\u00eftat que donin pas a la formaci\u00f3 d'assentaments diferencials o totals elevats.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Una caracter\u00edstica destacable d'aquest tipus de sistema de fonamentaci\u00f3 \u00e9s que permet aconseguir una excel\u00b7lent rigiditzaci\u00f3<\/strong>. aix\u00f2 s\u00ed, el seu \u00fas no \u00e9s molt habitual perqu\u00e8 la seva execuci\u00f3 \u00e9s m\u00e9s cara que una llosa de fonamentaci\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Lloses de fonamentaci\u00f3<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Quan es parla dels tipus de cimentacions superficials<\/strong>, no es pot passar per alt les lloses de fonamentaci\u00f3, un tipus de soluci\u00f3 cont\u00ednua que s'aplica normalment per disminuir seients totals i diferencials en terrenys heterogenis o amb poca fermesa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    com veur\u00e0s, serveix per integrar aquestes heterogene\u00eftats i les substitueix per una distribuci\u00f3 irregular de les pressions sobre el terreny.<\/strong> L'\u00fas d'aquest sistema tamb\u00e9 \u00e9s essencial quan la variabilitat de c\u00e0rregues \u00e9s indispensable entre suports pr\u00f2xims.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    La llosa de fonamentaci\u00f3 reempla\u00e7a als fonaments a\u00efllades o als engraellats<\/strong>, en aquelles, situacions on la zona coberta per les fonamentacions suposa un percentatge alt de la superf\u00edcie d'ocupaci\u00f3 en planta de la construcci\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Aquest tipus de fonamentaci\u00f3 poden classificar-se en cont\u00ednua i uniforme, al\u00b7l\u00e8rgia, nervada, tipus calaix, amb pedestals o amb refor\u00e7 sota pilars.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"losas<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

    \u00bfPara qu\u00e9 sirven las losas de cimentaci\u00f3n?<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    La llosa actua com una base de suport a tots els elements estructurals i cobrir\u00e0 la zona disponible<\/strong>. Aix\u00f2 vol dir que preveu la m\u00ednima pressi\u00f3 unit\u00e0ria, per\u00f2 al llarg de la fonamentaci\u00f3 i, per tant, donar\u00e0 lloc a un major plan\u00e7\u00f3 de tensions que ha de considerar-se en el c\u00e0lcul de seients.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Entre els diferents tipus de cimentacions superficials<\/strong>, la llosa \u00e9s un altre dels sistemes que tamb\u00e9 tendeixen aplicar encara que el terreny sigui homogeni i resistent com quan es construeix un soterrani amb un nivell fre\u00e0tic superficial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    En aquests casos s'ha de tenir en compte la subpressi\u00f3 de l'aigua i els requisits d'estanque\u00eftat<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    La utilitzaci\u00f3 de lloses de fonamentaci\u00f3 en edificacions amb soterranis moltes vegades permet fonaments compensades, ja que el pes de les terres excavades pot ser superior a la de l'pes total de l'estructura.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ja que saps gaireb\u00e9 tot sobre els tipus de cimentacions superficials<\/a><\/strong>, hem arribat a la fi d'aquest post. Esperem que t'hagi resultat molt \u00fatil per con\u00e8ixer i entendre quan s'empren, per a qu\u00e8 serveixen i molt m\u00e9s.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u00bfQuieres descubrir los aspectos b\u00e1sicos del mundo de la construcci\u00f3n? Si es as\u00ed, es importante que conozcas los distintos tipos de cimentaciones superficiales y para qu\u00e9 sirven. En primer lugar, aclaremos que las cimentaciones superficiales se refieren a las bases sobre las que se erigen estructuras, pero que se construyen sobre capas superficiales del suelo …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":64,"featured_media":5162,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[254],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5160","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-obra-tecnica"],"yoast_head":"\nTipos de cimentaciones superficiales<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u00bfQuieres descubrir los aspectos b\u00e1sicos del mundo de la construcci\u00f3n? 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